harsh是什么意思

短语搭配

(1)harsh reality严酷现实；残酷现实；严峻现实

(2)harsh winter严冬；严酷的冬季

(3)harsh criticism严厉批评

(4)harsh climate严寒气候；恶劣气候

(5)harsh measures严厉措施；苛刻的措施；强硬措施

(6)harsh voice刺耳的声音

(7)harsh terms苛刻的条件；严厉的条件；条件苛刻

(8)harsh word严厉的话；重话

(9)harsh rhetoric激烈的言辞；严格的修辞

(10)harsh light刺眼光线；强光

(11)harsh prison conditions恶劣监狱条件；监狱条件差；恶劣的监狱环境

(12)harsh lesson严酷教训；严厉教训；深刻的教训

(13)harsh tone严厉的语气；刺耳的语气

(14)harsh sentence严厉的判决；严厉的句子

(15)harsh fact残酷的事实；严峻的事实；苦涩的事实

(16)harsh desert environment残酷的沙漠环境

双语例句

(1)I heard the harsh noise outside.

我听到了外面刺耳的喧闹声。

(2)This criminal got harsh punishment.

这个罪犯受到了严厉的惩罚。

(3)I cannot accept this harsh reality.

我无法接受这个严酷的现实。

(4)She was harsh to the waiter for bringing her the wrong dish.

她对侍者很严厉 因为他上错了菜

(5)He has a harsh opinion.

他的观点很偏激。

(6)My friend's parents are too harsh on him. They should ease up on him.

我朋友的父母对他太严厉了。他们应该对他宽松一些。

(7)You got it. He'll face some harsh sanctions, but it'll deter him and save lives.

没错。司机会受到很严的处罚，但能阻止他继续酒驾，拯救他人的生命。

(8)They probably have some harsh chemicals in them. You should try eco-friendly products.

它们可能含有一些刺激性的化学物质。你应该试试环保产品。

(9)His voice was harsh and unmusical.

他的声音刺耳难听。

(10)If that sounds harsh, it is meant to.

如果那声音听起来是刺耳的，它就是如此。

(11)The minister received some harsh criticism.

部长受到了严厉的批评。

(12)It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice.

可惜她有这么一种响亮刺耳的声音。

(13)Issa's white beach hat gleamed in the harsh lights.

伊萨的白色沙滩帽在刺目的灯光下闪闪发光。

同义词

adj. 严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的

反义词

同根词

词根 harsh

(1)harshly adv. 严厉地；刺耳地；粗糙地

(2)harshness n. 严肃；刺耳；粗糙的事物

(3)harshen vt. 使粗糙；使荒凉

单词辨析

嘶哑的；沙哑的

(1)hoarse 指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。

(2)rough 指粗哑难听的声音。

(3)harsh 一般多指刺耳难听的声音。

粗糙的

(1)rude 指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。

(2)crude 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。

(3)harsh 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。

(4)rough 普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。

(5)coarse 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。

释义

adj.

unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses

刺耳的，刺目的，刺鼻的

drenched in a harsh white neon light

笼罩在一片刺目的亮白霓虹灯光之下

harsh guttural shouts.

刺耳的喊叫声。

cruel or severe

残酷的，严厉的

a time of harsh military discipline.

严格执行军纪的时期。

(of a climate or conditions)difficult to survive in; hostile

（气候，生活条件）难以生存于其中的，严酷的

the harsh environment of the desert.

沙漠的严酷环境。

(of reality or a fact)grim and unpalatable

（现实，事实）残酷的，不愉快的

the harsh realities of the world news.

国际新闻中所反映的残酷现实。

having an undesirably strong effect

效果太强的，太厉害的

she finds soap too harsh and drying.

她发现肥皂过于刺激与干性了。

词源

"Middle English： from Middle Low German harsch ‘rough', literally hairy, from haer ‘hair’."

考纲分布

近12年出现0次

重要程度: 2星

0%; adj 粗糙的; 严厉的; 刺耳的

考纲释义

( 1)adj. 粗糙的; 严厉的; 刺耳的

考纲分布

近9年出现4次

重要程度: 4星

75%; adj 恶劣的; 艰苦的

25%; adj 严苛的; 严厉的

0%; adj 刺鼻的; 刺目的

考纲释义

( 1)adj. 恶劣的; 艰苦的

英文释义：(of a climate or conditions) difficult to survive in

( 2)adj. 严苛的; 严厉的

英文释义：(of reality or a fact) grim and unpalatable

真题例句：

He is a harsh person.

他是一个严厉的人。[2020年 CET4 听力]

( 3)adj. 刺鼻的; 刺目的

真题例句：

I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick.

我还记得清洁剂强烈的酸味和坚硬的铁刷在粗糙的砖块上摩擦的声音。[2020年 CET4 听力]

必考派生词

harshness n. 粗糙的事物；严肃；刺耳

考纲分布

近9年出现12次

重要程度: 5星

58%; adj 严苛的; 严厉的

33%; adj 恶劣的; 艰苦的

8%; adj 刺鼻的; 刺目的

0%; adj 刺耳的; 难听的

考纲释义

( 1)adj. 严苛的; 严厉的

英文释义：(of reality or a fact) grim and unpalatable

真题例句：

I don't miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.

我不怀念那些以效率为名提供生硬、苛刻反馈的经理。[2021年 CET6 听力]

Bans and taxes can be blunt instruments, but their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods.

禁令和税收可能是生硬的工具，但最严厉的评论家很少能提出更好的方法。[2020年 CET6 阅读理解C]

The government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.

政府禁止超市丢弃食物，并重罚违反法令的企业。[2017年 CET6 听力]

( 2)adj. 恶劣的; 艰苦的

英文释义：(of a climate or conditions) difficult to survive in

真题例句：

Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.

南极洲恶劣的自然条件对其资源的开发造成了巨大的障碍。[2016年 CET6 阅读理解B]

( 3)adj. 刺鼻的; 刺目的

真题例句：

During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves.

在烈日当空、没有水的几个月里，它们会枯萎、萎缩至缩小，直至看起来像一堆灰色枯叶。[2018年 CET6 阅读理解B]

( 4)adj. 刺耳的; 难听的

真题例句：

Perhaps, taken slightly out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh.

或许，稍微脱离上下文，皮亚杰的说法似乎有些刺耳。[2016年 CET6 阅读理解A]

考纲分布

近16年出现3次

重要程度: 4星

67%; adj 严格的; 残酷的

33%; adj 恶劣的; 艰苦的

考纲释义

( 1)adj. 严格的; 残酷的

英文释义：(of reality or a fact) grim and unpalatable

真题例句：

You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too harsh and does nobody any good.

你失去了耐心，要么对你的孩子大喊大叫，要么说一些过于严厉、对任何人都没有好处的话。[2020年 英语二 完型填空]

Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions.

虽然这样说可能很残酷，但这个决定不应该取决于一个孩子的意见。[2019年 英语二 阅读理解B]

( 2)adj. 恶劣的; 艰苦的

英文释义：(of a climate or conditions) difficult to survive in

用法讲解

harsh修饰“天气或环境”，意为“恶劣的；艰苦的”，如： a harsh winter    寒冷的冬天 a harsh climate   恶劣的气候

(1)Doesn't it seem a little harsh to kill someone over a crown?

这是不是太严酷了，为了皇冠就要杀人？《The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie》《海绵宝宝历险记》

(2)I guess we could try that. But it seems so harsh. Have you ever done that?

哦，我觉得我们可以试试，不过有点太苛刻了吧！你这么做过吗？《Friends Season 10》《老友记 第十季》

(3)Our world is still plenty harsh and hostile, but now we know the Croods will make it.

我们的世界仍然很艰苦，有很多敌人，但现在我们知道，咕噜一家能够解决这一切。《The Croods》《疯狂原始人》

(4)Step 3: Turn the lifeboat sideways to the waves, accompanied by harsh, aggressive use of the whistle.

步骤三：之后让船侧冲着浪头，并尖锐有力地吹着口哨。《Life of Pi》《少年派的奇幻漂流》

(5)To succeed, we must embrace all our realities, especially the harsh realities that we wish weren't true.

要成功就得拥抱所有的现实，特别是难以接受的严酷现实。《Principles for Success》《成功的原则》

(6)The young would have to be tested, even sacrificed, inside harsh environments, where their brain activity could be studied.

婴儿必须接受测试，甚至死去，把他们放在严酷的环境里，以便研究他们的大脑活动。《The Maze Runner》《移动迷宫》

(7)Interesting. They've found a need to take yet another roommate. Seems they're avoiding some harsh realities themselves.

有意思。他们发现自己需要再找一个室友了。看来他们也在努力回避二人世界中的残酷现实呀。《The Big Bang Theory Season 10》《生活大爆炸 第十季》

(8)And I was facing for the first but definitely not the last time the harsh reality that I was minority.

这是我第一次，但绝不是最后一次面对这个残酷的现实，我是少数群体。《Leehom Wang Speech at Oxford》《王力宏牛津大学演讲》

(9)Now I am gonna go and have incredible sex with a complete stranger and forget I ever met you. So harsh.

现在我要离开这里找个完全不认识的人来一场无与伦比的性爱，然后当从没见过你。这话真狠。《This Is Us Season 1》《我们这一天 第一季》

(10)Expelled? Yeah, we really messed up. So, you're leaving? Yeah, buddy. We have to go. Harsh, man.

退学？对，我们真的搞砸了。所以你们要离开了？对，伙伴，我们要走了。好严厉。《Monsters University》《怪兽大学》

(11)Okay, look, I know what a good person you are, but sometimes people think you might come off a little harsh.

我知道你这个人很好，可有时别人会觉得你表现得有点毒舌。《The Big Bang Theory Season 8》《生活大爆炸 第八季》

(12)When we did go out, we struggled to find food in a harsh and hostile world. And I struggled to survive my family.

我们出洞，就是为了一口吃的，在这个残酷的敌对世界中拼命觅食，而我负责拼命保护我的家人。《The Croods》《疯狂原始人》

(13)We manage to do this with little effort, inferring stable character traits from a single behavior, like a harsh word or a clumsy step.

我们很自然就这么做，从单一行为举止推论出长久的人格特质，像是说了脏话或是犯了很傻的错误。《TED-Ed》《TED教育》

(14)Good. I need you to be careful and efficient. And remember, if I'm harsh with you, it is only because you're doing it wrong.

好 ，你们要小心一点，同时动作要快。记住，如果我朝你们叫唤，那肯定是你们哪里做错了。《Friends Season 10》《老友记 第十季》

(15)The warriors' management sent Jeremy down to the D-league, the NBA's version of a minor league farm system. He was faced with a harsh reality.

勇士的管理层把林书豪下放到发展联盟，这是NBA的小型联盟育才体系，他面对着残酷的现实。《Linsanity》《林来疯》

(16)Harsh terms. But all right I'll just substitute "intercourse." Great. Or "fornication." Yeah. But that has judgmental overtones, so I'll hold that in reserve.

协议条款真苛刻，不过没关系，我可以用“性交”代替。这下好了。或者用“私通”，但这个带有批评色彩，还是作为备用吧。《The Big Bang Theory Season 3》《生活大爆炸 第三季》

(17)Not all bad. And anyhow, I'm sorry I was so harsh before, but you have to understand that I still look at Lizzie like she's a twelve-year-old girl.

是没那么糟。很抱歉之前对你那么凶，你必须知道丽莎在我眼中仍是个12岁的小女孩。《Friends Season 6》《老友记 第六季》

(18)At first, looking at these harsh realities caused me a lot of pain. But I learned that this pain was just psychological, and that my seeing things differently made all the difference.

一开始，面对血淋淋的现实我非常痛苦。但我意识到这只是心理上的痛苦，我看待事物的方式才最重要。《Principles for Success》《成功的原则》

(19)Perhaps I have been a bit harsh on our new garbage boy. He has taken a bold risk and we should reward that, as Chef Gusteau would have. If he wishes to swim in dangerous waters, who are we to deny him?

也许我先前对新来的清洁工太严厉了点，但他大胆面对挑战，我们应该像食神过去做的奖赏他，如果他这么爱冒险，我们不该阻止他。《Ratatouille》《美食总动员》