scratch是什么意思

短语搭配

(1)from scratch从头开始, 从零开始

(2)scratch along艰难生活

(3)up to scratch达到要求, 合乎标准

(4)you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours礼尚往来；私相授受

(5)scratch the surface浅尝；触及表面；进行简短调查

(6)scratch card刮卡

(7)scratch pad便条簿；便笺本；存储器

(8)scratch coat打底水泥沙浆；底子灰；水泥沙浆底涂层

(9)cat scratch fever猫抓热；猫抓病

(10)scratch one's head冥思苦想问题的解答；感到（或表示）困惑

(11)scratch video剪辑而成的录像片

(12)scratch a - and find a -除去…的假象你将发现…的本质

(13)start from scratch从头开始；从零开始；白手起家

(14)starting from scratch从头开始；从零开始；从头起步

(15)scratch out抓破；划掉，去掉；勉强做…

(16)scratch paper草稿纸；便条纸

(17)scratch mark刮痕

(18)scratch surface刮花表面

(19)scratch record划痕记录

(20)scratch head挠头

双语例句

(1)The local government formed a scratch rescue team.

当地政府组建了一个临时的救援队。

(2)There are several scratches on your neck.

你的脖子上有几处划痕。

(3)I was scratched by my cat.

我被我的猫抓伤了。

(4)The player was scratched from this competition.

这名选手被取消了这次比赛的资格。

(5)Up to now, there are still many poor people scratching along.

至今仍有很多贫困人口在艰难谋生。

(6)Be careful not to scratch yourself on the roses.

当心不要被玫瑰刺扎伤

(7)There was a scratch on the CD.

CD上有道划痕

(8)I asked you nicely to please not scratch my pan!

我求你不要刮烂了我的平底锅！

(9)I bought a lotto ticket but I don’t have a coin that I can scratch it with.

我买了一张乐透彩票，但我没有硬币刮开涂层。

(10)If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.

如果你帮我挠背，我也会帮你。

(11)Never mind, scratch that idea.

算了，放弃那个想法吧。

(12)We decided to scratch the idea of a new house.

我们决定放弃买新房子的想法。

(13)Let’s scratch that idea; I have a better one.

我们放弃那个点子吧，我有个更好的。

(14)Those are good transferable skills actually. No wonder so many parents sign up their kids for Scratch lessons.

这些其实都是很好的可迁移技能。怪不得这么多的父母都给孩子报名学Scratch课程。

(15)Does the cat scratch?

这只猫抓人吗？

(16)How did you come by that scratch on your cheek?

你脸颊上的抓伤是怎么来的？

(17)Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。

(18)They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.

他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。

(19)Scratch yourself if you itch.

如果你感到痒，就搔好了。

同义词

n. 擦伤；抓痕；刮擦声；乱写

adj. 打草稿用的；凑合的；碰巧的

vt. 抓；刮；挖出；乱涂

vi. 抓；搔；发刮擦声；勉强糊口；退出比赛

同根词

词根 scratch

(1)scratchy adj. 潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的

(2)scratcher n. 抓扒者；抓扒工具

释义

v.

[with obj.]score or mark the surface of (something) with a sharp or pointed object

刮擦

the car's paintwork was battered and scratched

汽车的油漆被刮擦得斑驳不堪

[no obj.]he scratched at a stain on his jacket.

他刮擦着夹克衫上的污渍。

make a long, narrow superficial wound in the skin of

划伤皮肤

her arms were scratched by the thorns

她的双臂被荆棘划伤了

I scratched myself on the tree.

我被树划伤了。

rub (a part of one's body) with one's fingernails to relieve itching

搔痒

Jessica lifted her sunglasses and scratched her nose.

杰西卡抬了抬太阳镜揉揉鼻子。

[with obj. and adverbial]make (a mark or hole) by scoring a surface with a sharp or pointed object

刺，戳，刻

I found two names scratched on one of the windowpanes.

我发现其中一面窗玻璃上刻着两个名字。

write (something) hurriedly or awkwardly

（匆忙或笨拙地）写

pass me my writing things — I'll scratch a few letters before I get up.

把我的纸和笔递过来— 我准备起床前赶写几封信。

[with obj. and adverbial]remove (something) from something else by pulling a sharp implement over it

刮去

he scratched away the plaster.

他刮去了石膏。

[no obj.]make a rasping or grating noise by scraping something over a hard surface

发出刮擦声

the dog scratched to be let in

狗嚓嚓地扒门想进去

[as noun scratching]there was a sound of scratching behind the wall.

墙后面有刮擦声。

[no obj.][often as noun scratching]play a record using the scratch technique (see sense 1 of the noun below)

（用刮擦技法）播放唱片（见后面名词义项１）。

[no obj.](of a bird or mammal, especially a chicken)rake the ground with the beak or claws in search of food

（鸟、哺乳动物，尤指鸡）用嘴（或爪子）扒地找食物。

[no obj.](scratch for)search for (someone or something that is hard to locate or find)

寻觅（难找的人或物）

he's still scratching around for a woman to share his life.

他还在四处寻找可以与其共同生活的女人。

accomplish (something) with great effort or difficulty

奋力完成

Tabitha wondered how long the woman had been scratching a living on the waterways.

塔比瑟不知道那个女人已经靠这条水道坚持生活多久了。

[no obj.](scratch along)make a living with difficulty

艰难生活

many architects now scratch along doing loft conversions.

现在许多建筑师靠改建阁楼维持生计。

[with obj.]cancel or strike out (writing) with a pen or pencil

划掉

the name of Dr McNab was scratched out and that of Dr Dunstaple substituted.

麦克纳布博士的名字被划掉了，代替他的是登斯特布尔博士。

withdraw (a competitor) from a competition

取消（选手）参赛资格

Jolie's Halo was scratched from a minor stakes race at Monmouth Park.

若利的哈罗被取消了参加蒙茅斯公园少年下赌注马赛的资格。

[no obj.](of a competitor)withdraw from a competition

（选手）退出比赛

due to a knee injury she was forced to scratch from the race.

由于膝盖受伤，她不得不退出比赛。

cancel or abandon (an undertaking or project)

取消；放弃（任务，项目）

banks seem prepared to scratch stabilization charges.

银行似乎准备放弃稳值收费。

n.

a mark or wound made by scratching

划伤，擦伤

the scratches on her arm were throbbing

她手臂上的划伤阵阵抽痛

[as modifier]scratch marks on the window.

窗上的划痕。

[in sing.]informal a slight or insignificant wound or injury

〈非正式〉 轻伤

it's nothing — just a scratch.

没什么—一点擦伤。

[in sing.]an act or spell of scratching oneself to relieve itching

搔痒

he gave his scalp a good scratch.

他使劲地挠头皮。

a rasping or grating noise produced by something rubbing against a hard surface

划擦声

the scratch of a match lighting a cigarette.

划着火柴点烟。

[mass noun]a rough hiss, caused by the friction of the stylus in the groove, heard when a record is played

唱片的嚓嚓声（指唱片纹道与唱针的摩擦噪声）。

[mass noun]a technique, used especially in rap music, of stopping a record by hand and moving it back and forwards to give a rhythmic scratching effect

刮擦（多用于快板乐中，用手制止唱片转动，使其来回移动发出有节奏的嚓嚓声的技巧）。

[mass noun]the starting point in a handicap for a competitor receiving no odds

让步赛中没有取得让步条件的运动员（参赛者）的起始点。[ORIGIN : originally denoting a boundary or starting line for sports competitors.]

Golf a handicap of zero, indicating that a player is good enough to achieve par on a course

【高 尔夫】 　零让步（表明选手不弱，能在场上达到规定击球的次数）。

[mass noun]informal money

〈非正式〉 　钱

he was working to get some scratch together.

他正在干活攒钱。

adj.

assembled or made from whatever is available, and so unlikely to be of the highest quality

仓促拼凑的；匆匆组成的

City were fielding a scratch squad.

城市队派遣上场的是一支临时凑合的球队。

(of a sports competitor or event)with no handicap given

（选手，赛事）没有让步优待的。

短语

from scratch from the very beginning, especially without utilizing or relying on any previous work for assistance 从零开始，从头做起；白手起家 he built his own computer company from scratch． 他白手起家，建起了自己的电脑公司

scratch a — and find a — used to suggest that an investigation of someone or something soon reveals their true nature ［指 揭露某人或某事真面目的调查］ 除去… 的假象你将发现… 的本质 they believe that if you scratch a homophobe, you'll probably find a racist． 他们确信如果你剥去一个厌恶同性恋者的外衣，一个种族主义者的真面目就会暴露无遗

scratch one's head informal think hard in order to find a solution to something〈非正式〉 冥思苦想问题的解答

feel or express bewilderment 感到（或表示）困惑

scratch the surface 1 deal with a matter only in the most superficial way 浅尝；触及表面 research has only scratched the surface of the paranormal． 研究仅涉及超正常范围的表面

2 initiate the briefest investigation to discover something concealed 进行简短调查 they have a boring image but scratch the surface and it's fascinating． 它们有种令人生厌的形象，可是一旦调查起来，却很令人着迷

up to scratch up to the required standard; satisfactory 达到标准的；令人满意的 her German was not up to scratch． 她的德语还不行

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours proverb if you do me a favour， I'll return it 〈谚〉 你帮我，我帮你；投我以桃，报之以李

词源

"late Middle English：probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn．"

考纲分布

近6年出现7次

重要程度: 5星

43%; v 划掉;  刮掉

29%; v 挠搔(痒处等)

14%; n [sing.]抓; 挠

14%; phr (from ~) 从头开始

考纲释义

( 1)v. 划掉;  刮掉

真题例句：

A girl riding a bike hit and scratched（刮）a parked expensive car by accident when she was busily looking at a road sign.

一个女孩骑着自行车，在忙着看路标的时候，不小心撞到了一辆停在路边的名贵轿车，并被刮伤。[2018年 吉林省长春卷 阅读理解]

He told her that she didn’t need to pay any money for the scratched part of the car.

他告诉她，她不需要为汽车的划痕部分支付任何钱。[2018年 吉林省长春卷 阅读理解]

( 2)v. 挠搔(痒处等)

真题例句：

He's just scratching (挠) himself.

他只是在挠自己。[2021年 宿迁市卷 阅读理解]

( 3)n. [sing.]抓; 挠

真题例句：

They even put their noses to the ground and scratched their heads.

他们甚至把鼻子贴在地上，挠着头。[2018年 南京卷 阅读理解D]

( 4)phr. (from ~) 从头开始

真题例句：

The moment I arrived in Germany, I felt like I was starting from scratch (从头开始).

到达德国的那一刻，我感觉自己是从零开始的。[2020年 长沙卷 词语填空]

必考短语

(1)from scratch从头开始，从零开始

考纲分布

近12年出现0次

重要程度: 2星

0%; v 划破; 抓破; 抓伤

0%; v 挠搔(痒处等)

0%; v 划掉; 刮掉

0%; cn 抓痕; 刮痕

0%; n [sing.]抓; 挠

考纲释义

( 1)v. 划破; 抓破; 抓伤

( 2)v. 挠搔(痒处等)

( 3)v. 划掉; 刮掉

( 4)cn. 抓痕; 刮痕

( 5)n. [sing.]抓; 挠

考纲分布

近9年出现0次

重要程度: 2星

0%; v/n 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕

考纲释义

( 1)v/n. 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕

英文释义：score or mark the surface of something with a sharp or pointed object

必考短语

(1)from scratch从头开始; 从零开始

考纲分布

近9年出现12次

重要程度: 5星

100%; v/n 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕

考纲释义

( 1)v/n. 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕

英文释义：score or mark the surface of something with a sharp or pointed object

真题例句：

As the CFO of Macy's put it recently, "We're frankly scratching our heads."

正如梅西百货首席财务官最近所说，“坦率地说，我们正在挠头。”[2019年 CET6 阅读理解]

If you've ever started a sentence with, "If I were you... " or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision.

如果你曾经用“如果我是你……”或者你发现自己在为同事做决定的痛苦而挠头。[2018年 CET6 阅读理解]

The models couldn't sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.

模特们不能坐在里面，他们甚至被胳膊下的塑料刮伤了。[2016年 CET6 听力]

必考短语

(1)from scratch从头开始; 从零开始

考纲分布

近16年出现0次

重要程度: 2星

0%; v/n 挠; 搔; 刮擦声

0%; v/n 划损; 抓破; 划痕

0%; v (匆忙或笨拙地)写

0%; v 刮去; 划掉

0%; v (scratch along)艰难生活

0%; v 取消; 退出; 放弃

0%; adj 仓促拼凑的

考纲释义

( 1)v/n. 挠; 搔; 刮擦声

( 2)v/n. 划损; 抓破; 划痕

( 3)v. (匆忙或笨拙地)写

英文释义：write (something) hurriedly or awkwardly

( 4)v. 刮去; 划掉

( 5)v. (scratch along)艰难生活

英文释义：make a living with difficulty

( 6)v. 取消; 退出; 放弃

( 7)adj. 仓促拼凑的

英文释义：put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available

必考短语

(1)scratch along艰难生活

用法讲解

scratch作动词时，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。作及物动词时，其后可直接接名词或者代词，如：scratch one's nose 挠鼻子。

(1)Lucky won't scratch. He promises.

好运不会乱抓，他保证了。《Room》《房间》

(2)Should we just scratch that one and just move on?

我能不能划掉那个问题，然后继续？《The Intern》《实习生》

(3)Joey, it says Best Supporting Actress. I can scratch that right off.

乔伊，上面写着“最佳女配角奖”。我可以把那个刮掉。《Friends Season 7》《老友记 第七季》

(4)They were looking for respectable types, preferably virgins. They liked to train them from scratch.

他们寻找佳丽，只要处女，想从零开始训练她们。《Predestination》《前目的地》

(5)Thank God you didn't try to fan out the magazines. I mean, she'll scratch your eyes right out.

幸好你没摊开杂志，否则她铁定会挖出你的眼睛。《Friends Season 1》《老友记第一季》

(6)Thank you. No, I know what I would do. I would probably scratch his eyes out. That's what I would do.

谢谢。不，我知道自己会做什么，可能会把他的眼珠子都挖出来，我应该会这么干。《The Good Wife Season 5》《傲骨贤妻 第五季》

(7)First there's a layer of ladyfingers, then a layer of jam, then custard, which I made from scratch, then raspberries, more ladyfingers.

先是一层小松糕，然后是果酱，然后是我自己做的乳蛋糕，然后是覆盆子，然后又是小松糕。《Friends Season 6》《老友记 第六季》

(8)You say you recognize the scratch? I wish to confirm this belief before I tarnish his name any further.

你说你认识绘制此图的笔法？我想先进一步确认，然后再说出此人的名字。《Marco Polo Season 1》《马可波罗 第一季》

(9)Grandpa, there's a big hole in your boat. It's just a scratch. Grandpa's boat is sinking.

爷爷，你的船被撞了一个大洞。只是碰撞了一下而已。喔，爷爷你的船正在下沉呢。《Peppa Pig Season 3》《小猪佩奇 第三季》

(10)You think he was gonna let you off without a scratch? You'd still be standing there if I hadn't hit you.

你以为他会让你毫发无损地离开？如果不是我把你割伤了，你现在还站在那里呢。《Divergent》《分歧者：异类觉醒》

(11)Thanks. And, Sheldon, I know tonight's the night you eat Thai food, so I went to the Asian market, got all the ingredients and made it from scratch.

谢谢。谢尔顿，我知道今晚是你的泰国菜之夜，所以我去了亚洲超市，买了一切所需材料从零开始学。《The Big Bang Theory Season 6》《生活大爆炸 第六季》

(12)You do know that my birthday's tomorrow, right? This is just step one of your birthday weekend. Now, would you care to join me for an authentic frontier dinner made entirely from scratch?

但你知道我生日是明天的吧？这只是你的生日周末第一阶段。你愿意坐下与我一同享用正宗拓荒者晚餐吗全部手工做的呢？《The Big Bang Theory Season 11》《生活大爆炸 第十一季》