by是什么意思

短语搭配

(1)by accident偶然, 意外地

(2)drop by顺路拜访

(3)increase by增长(by后表示数量增加或减少的幅度)

(4)by chance偶然；碰巧

(5)by no means根本不, 一点也不

(6)by all means一定, 无论如何

(7)be used by用于；使用；被...使用

(8)by word of mouth口头上；经口述

(9)by oneself单独

(10)by the way顺便说说, 顺便提起；在路上, 在途中

(11)close by靠近；附近

(12)little by little缓慢地, 逐渐地, 一点一点地

(13)sit by袖手旁观；无动于衷

(14)by bike骑自行车；骑车；骑单车

(15)by bus乘公共汽车

(16)by myself独自地；独立地

(17)go by遵循；遵守；流逝；过去

(18)by means of通过；依靠

(19)be impressed by对...有深刻印象；对...有感触

(20)be troubled by被...困扰

(21)fall by the wayside半途而废

(22)step by step一步一步, 逐步地

(23)by air透气, 风干, 气曝, 充气；空运, 乘飞机；用无线电

(24)bit by bit一点一点地, 渐渐地

(25)by the end of到…为止

(26)live by靠…生存；靠…生活

(27)be fascinated by被...迷恋

(28)by the time到…的时候为止

(29)by this time到这个时候

(30)by extension乃至, 推而广之

(31)by design有计划地；有意地

(32)one by one逐个地, 逐一地

(33)by hand由人工；用人力

(34)side by side肩并肩地, 一起；相互支持地, 合作地

(35)by mistake错误地, 无意中

(36)stop by顺便短暂拜访

(37)by boat乘船

(38)by herself由她自己；靠她自己；由她本人

(39)by itself自行；由本身；由它本身

(40)by law法律强制(做)；受法律限制

(41)by one's side在某人身边

(42)by plane乘飞机；通过飞机；用飞机

(43)by ship乘船

(44)by the river由河流；在河边；由河道

(45)by train坐火车；乘坐火车

(46)fly by飞过；飞跃；飞逝

(47)pass by经过；路过；（时间等的）逝去

(48)stand by支持

(49)word by word逐字逐句地

(50)by sea乘船

(51)by far大大地, …得多；显然；迄今为止

(52)by and by不久；最终

(53)by letter以书信形式

(54)by nature天性；生来；生就

(55)by now如今；到现在；截止到目前

(56)inch by inch一点点地；慢慢地

(57)little by逐渐地

(58)get by度日；支持；混过去；设法；继续存在；通过

(59)by all accounts根据各种流传的说法

(60)by virtue of由于, 因为

(61)by and large总的说来, 大体上

(62)by default(比赛)因其他参赛者不到场, 由于对手缺席(而胜出)

(63)by definition本质上；内在本性上

(64)by comparison比较起来

(65)day by day一天天地

(66)by reason of因为；由于

(67)by order奉命；按照…的指示

(68)by name以名字；指名道姓地

(69)come by随意而简短的拜访, 串门；获得, 得到

(70)by road由公路；乘车

(71)by any means根本；一点也

(72)by heart记牢, 凭记忆

(73)by right属正当（或合法）要求；依正当（或合法）权利

(74)by the day逐渐平稳地

(75)hard by靠近

(76)by dint of依靠；凭借

(77)by degrees逐渐地

(78)by choice出于自己的选择

(79)by turns轮流地；交替地

(80)by any chance(尤用于问句, 询问是否真实、可能等)或许, 可能

(81)by return由最早一班回程邮递送

(82)by the book循规蹈矩, 严格遵守章法

(83)piece by piece逐个地；逐渐

(84)stick by继续支持；忠于；对…忠诚

(85)by the minute迅速地；极快地

双语例句

(1)The unique purple sponge was first discovered by divers (潜水者) off the north Norfolk coast.

这种独特的紫色海绵最初是由北诺福克海岸的潜水员发现的。

(2)Sally's mother plagued (受折磨) by these events, she lost the ability to take care of others.

莎莉的母亲受到这些事件的折磨，她失去了照顾他人的能力。

(3)The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling (吹口哨) from far away.

拉戈梅拉的当地人可以通过从远处吹口哨来进行对话。

(4)He chose his words from the screen, which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer (音响合成器).

他从屏幕上选择自己要说的话，然后这些话由音响合成器说出来。

(5)Many of them are going dark, replaced by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管) .

许多霓虹灯正在消失，取而代之的是更实用却缺少些浪漫元素的LED灯。

(6)By age 15, he had become an apprentice (学徒) to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef.

15岁时，他成为了著名甜品厨师Sylvain Bailly的学徒。

(7)Each person was asked to write by hand and type on a keyboard while wearing a hood (风帽).

每个人都被要求戴着一个风帽，同时用手写字和在键盘上打字。

(8)When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent.

当我们优先选择大勺子而不是小勺子时，总摄入量增长了14%。

(9)So, they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids (氨基酸).

因此，他们决定通过添加一些氨基酸对该酶进行小的改动。

(10)I remembered the saying we learnt in class about not judging (判断) a book by its cover.

我记得我们在课堂上学到的一句话，不要以貌取人。

同义词

prep. 通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前

adv. 通过；经过；附近；白俄罗斯

释义

prep.

identifying the agent performing an action

［表明施动者］ 由，被：

after a passive verb

[用 于被动式动词之后]

the door was opened by my cousin Annie

门是被我表妹安妮打开的

damage caused by fire.

火灾造成的毁坏。

after a noun denoting an action

[用 于表动作的名词之后]

further attacks by the Mob

黑手党的进一步攻击

a clear decision by the electorate.

选民所作的明确决定。

identifying the author of a text, idea, or work of art

[表 明文本、观点或艺术品的作者]

a book by Ernest Hemingway.

欧内斯特·海明威写的一本书。

[often with verbal noun]indicating the means of achieving something

［表 示获得的方法］ 凭借，用，通过

malaria can be controlled by attacking the parasite

疟疾可用灭杀寄生虫的方法加以控制

substantiating their opinions by the use of precise textual reference

用准确的原文引语来证实他们的观点

they plan to provide further working capital by means of borrowing.

他们打算用借款的方法来提供更多流动资金。

indicating a term to which an interpretation is to be assigned

[表 示需诠释的词]

what is meant by ‘fair’? “fair”

是什么意思？

indicating a name according to which a person is known

[表示为人所知的名字]

she mostly calls me by my last name.

她通常叫我的姓。

indicating the means of transport selected for a journey

[表 示旅行所用的交通工具]

the cost of travelling by bus

乘汽车旅行的花费

travelling by road to Aylsham.

乘汽车去艾尔舍姆。

indicating the other parent of someone's child or children

［表 示孩子（们）的另一位家长］ 由…所生

Richard is his son by his third wife.

　理查德是他和第三位妻子所生的儿子。

indicating the sire of a pedigree animal, especially a horse

[表 示纯种动物的亲畜,尤指种马]

a black filly by Goldfuerst.

金费尔斯特所生的黑牝马。

(followed by a noun without a determiner)in various phrases indicating how something happens

[用 于各种短语,后接不带限定词的名词,表示事情如何发生]

I heard by chance that she has married again

我偶然听说她又结婚了

Anderson, by contrast, rejects this view

相反，安德森拒绝接受这个观点

she ate by candlelight.

她在烛光下就餐。

indicating the amount or size of a margin

［表示幅度］ 以…之差，相差…

the shot missed her by miles

那一枪没打中她，差了十万八千里

the raising of VAT by 2.5%.

增值税提高２．５％．

indicating a quantity or amount

［表示数量或数额］ 按…计算

billing is by the minute

以分钟计账

the drunken yobbos who turned up by the cartload.

一车一车出现的醉酒无赖。

in phrases indicating something happening repeatedly or progressively, typically with repetition of a unit of time

［表 示某物反复发生或逐渐发生，尤用于表时间重复的短语中］ （一个）又（一个），（一个）接着（一个）

colours changing minute by minute

每分钟都在变化的颜色

the risk becomes worse by the day.

危险与日俱增。

identifying a parameter

［表 明参量］ 根据，按

a breakdown of employment figures by age and occupation.

按年龄和职业划分的就业数据分类。

expressing multiplication, especially in dimensions

［表 乘法，尤用于面积］ 乘

a map measuring 400 by 600 mm

一幅４００乘６００毫米的地图

she multiplied it by 89.

她把它乘以８９。

indicating a deadline or the end of a particular time period

［表 示截止日期或某时段的终止］ 到…之前；不迟于

I've got to do this report by Monday

我星期一之前必须做汇报

by now Kelly needed extensive physiotherapy.

到这时，凯利需要做全面的理疗了。

indicating location of a physical object beside a place or object

在…旁边，靠近

remains were discovered by the roadside

残骸在路边被发现

the pram was by the dresser.

婴儿车在带镜衣橱旁边。

past and beyond

通过；经过

I drove by our house.

我开车经过我们家。

indicating the period in which something happens

在…的时候

this animal always hunts by night.

这种动物总在夜间捕食。

concerning; according to

关于；根据

anything you do is all right by me

你做的任何事依我看都是对的

she had done her duty by him.

她已尽了对他的义务。

used in mild oaths

［用于誓言中］ 以… 的名义

it was the least he could do, by God.

这是他所能做的最起码的事情了，上帝可作证。[ORIGIN: partly translating French par ‘through the medium or agency of’.]

adv.

so as to go past

经过；过去

a car flashed by on the other side of the road

一辆汽车在路的另一边飞驰而过

he let only a moment go by.

他只休息了片刻。

n.

variant spelling of BYE1.

同BYE1.

短语

by and by before long； eventually 不久；最终

by the by （或bye） incidentally； parenthetically 顺便提一句；插上一句 where's Hector, by the by？ 顺便问一句，赫克托在哪？by and large on the whole； everything considered 总的说来；大体上 mammals have, by and large, bigger brains than reptiles． 总的说来，哺乳动物的脑比爬行动物大

［ORIGIN originally in nautical use, describing the handling of a ship both to the wind and off it．］ 　by oneself 1 alone 单独地 living in Farley Court by himself． 他独自住在法利大楼

2 unaided 独力地 the patient often learns to undress by himself． 病人常要学习自己脱衣服

by way of 见WAY．

易错必背词

by + 交通工具 乘坐...

(1)Last week, Jane went to London from China by plane.

上周，简乘飞机从中国去了伦敦。[吉林卷 2018 中考 听力]

(2)She goes to school by bike every day.

她每天骑自行车上学。[易懂例句]

by sth / by doing sth 通过某事/通过做某事

(1)I study by working with a group.

我通过和小组一起工作来学习。[湘潭市 2021 中考 语法填空]

(2)People "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward.

人们通过向前或向后移动日期来“修正”官方日历。[北京卷 2021 高考 阅读理解]

by hand 亲手，手工做地

(1)I made the cake by hand.

这个蛋糕是我亲手做的。[易懂例句]

do sth by sb/sth ...做了...

(1)He learned English all by himself.

他自学的英语。[易懂例句]

(2)I had to spend hours by myself.

我不得不独自度过几个小时。[浙江卷 2020 高考 七选五]

be done by sb/sth 被/由...做了...

(1)The teacher is loved by students. = Students love the teacher.

这位老师深受学生们的喜爱。[易懂例句]

(2)It is selected by the technologist.

它是由技术专家选择的。[天津卷 2021 高考 阅读理解]

by age + 数字 在...岁时

(1)By age 17, he was known for his talent in music.

在17岁时，他因其音乐天赋而闻名。[黄石市 2021 中考 短文填空]

by the time 到…的时候

(1)Technology is out of date almost by the time you buy it.

技术在你购买它的时候就已经过时了。[山西省 2020 中考 单项选择]

by + 时间/年龄 在…之前

(1)I'll need to hear back from you by Wednesday.

我需要在星期三之前得到你的答复。[全国卷II 2019 高考 听力]

by day/night 在白天/夜晚期间

(1)By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer.

白天，罗伯特·蒂特顿是个律师。[新高考I卷 2021 高考 阅读理解]

by + 地点 在…附近

(1)One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

我上小学的一天下午，我在学校操场边散步。[全国卷I 2019 高考 改错]

by the way 顺便问一下

(1)By the way, do you have a pet?

顺便问一下，你有宠物吗？[哈尔滨市 2020 中考 交际应用]

(2)By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?

顺便问一下，你明天晚上去听音乐会吗？[全国卷I 2018 高考 听力]

by accident 意外地，不小心

(1)I broke a glass by accident while I was cleaning the table.

我在擦桌子的时候不小心打碎了一个玻璃杯。[云南省 2019 中考 单项选择]

(2)But it doesn't happen by accident.

但这不是偶然发生的。[全国卷II 2016 高考 阅读理解]

word by word 逐字逐句地

(1)Try not to read word by word.

尽量不要逐字阅读。[昆明市 2020 中考 补全对话]

one by one 一个接一个地

(1)We started to redesign the newspapers, one by one.

我们开始一张一张地重新设计报纸。[温州市 2021 中考 阅读理解]

side by side 肩并肩地

(1)He shouldn't ride it side by side with his friends.

他不应该和他的朋友并排骑。[广元市 2021 中考 听力]

go by (时间)流逝

(1)As time went by, I began to change my earlier simple judgement (评价).

随着时间的推移，我开始改变我早先的简单评价。[黄冈市 2020 中考 完形填空]

run by 跑过

(1)A group of zebras ran by.

一群斑马跑过。[连云港市 2021 中考 完形填空]

stop by 顺路探望

(1)Could we stop by next week?

我们下周能过来一下吗？[易懂例句]

by all means 没问题

词源

"Old English bī, bi, be, of Germanic origin； related to Dutch bij and German bei．"

考纲分布

近4年出现1812次

重要程度: 5星

53.86%; prep (表方式)凭借; 用

22.74%; prep 被; 由

7.84%; prep 不迟于; 在…之前

5.57%; phr (by oneself)独立; 独自

3.97%; prep/adv 经过

2.15%; prep 在...期间

1.93%; prep 由于

1.05%; prep 根据; 依

0.88%; phr (by the way)顺便说一声

考纲释义

( 1)prep. (表方式)凭借; 用

真题例句：

Now people can pay by scanning(扫描）their faces while shopping.

现在人们可以在购物时通过扫描脸来支付。[2020年 成都市A卷 单项选择]

Most waves are produced by winds.

大多数波浪是由风产生的。[2020年 青岛市卷 阅读理解]

Last week, Jane went to London from China by plane.

上周，简从中国乘飞机去了伦敦。[2018年 吉林省卷 阅读理解]

( 2)prep. 被; 由

真题例句：

On the 10th floor, she was greeted by John, the old man who interviewed her several days ago.

在10楼，她受到了约翰的迎接，就是几天前采访过她的那位老人。[2019年 哈尔滨市卷 阅读理解]

In 2014, she was accepted by Tianjin University and finally her dream came true.

2014年，她被天津大学录取，终于梦想成真。[2018年 陕西省卷 阅读理解]

Cars and trucks controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs.

人工智能控制汽车和卡车可能会让司机失业。[2018年 河北省卷 综合填空]

( 3)prep. 不迟于; 在…之前

真题例句：

By age 17, he was known for his talent in music.

17岁时，他就以音乐天赋而闻名。[2021年 黄石市卷 短文填空]

The number of 5G SEPs rose to more than 60,000 globally by the end of April 2019, the report said．

报道称，截至2019年4月底，全球5G SEPs（标准关键专利）数量已增至6万多台。[2019年 绵阳市卷 词汇运用]

They're digging, cutting leaves and planting new seeds (种子)，by summer, their gardens will be full of bright colours.

他们挖土、剪叶、播种新种子，到了夏天，他们的花园将五彩缤纷。[2018年 安徽省卷 阅读理解]

( 4)phr. (by oneself)独立; 独自

真题例句：

Nobody taught my grandpa how to use WeChat, so he learned it all by himself.

没人教我爷爷怎么用微信，都是他自己学的。[2021年 贺州市卷 单词拼写]

She got a seat by herself.

她自己找了个座位。[2021年 龙东地区卷 回答问题]

She printed the story by herself.

她自己发表了这个故事。[2021年 泸州市卷 阅读理解]

( 5)prep/adv. 经过

真题例句：

A group of zebras ran by.

一群斑马跑过。[2021年 连云港市卷 完形填空]

As time went by, I began to change my earlier simple judgement (评价).

随着时间的流逝，我开始改变我早先简单的判断。[2020年 黄冈市卷 阅读理解]

If people often stop by for a talk, you may need to move to a different place.

如果人们经常过来聊天，你可能需要换个地方。[2020年 长沙市卷 阅读理解]

( 6)prep. 在...期间

真题例句：

By mid-morning, four kids were sculpting (雕塑) the sand alongside him.

到上午10点左右，四个孩子在他旁边雕塑沙子。[2020年 福建省卷 阅读理解]

More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years.

超过50%的年轻人在青少年时期就饱受背痛之苦。[2019年 连云港市卷 完形填空]

( 7)prep. 由于

真题例句：

You might have neck and shoulder pain by doing that.

这样做，你可能会感到脖子和肩膀疼痛。[2021年 黄石市卷 选句填空]

( 8)prep. 根据; 依

真题例句：

By law, you can't work more than 35 hours each week during school holidays.

根据法律规定，在学校放假期间，你每周的工作时间不能超过35小时。[2019年 呼和浩特市卷 阅读理解]

( 9)phr. (by the way)顺便说一声

真题例句：

By the way, could you tell us where you heard about our company?

顺便问一下，您能告诉我们您是从哪里听说我们公司的吗？[2021年 扬州市卷 单项选择]

必考短语

(1)by accident偶然；意外地

(2)by chance偶然；碰巧

(3)drop by顺路拜访

(4)increase by增加了...；净增加...

(5)be used by用于；使用；被...使用

(6)by word of mouth口头上；经口述

(7)by oneself单独

(8)by bike骑自行车；骑车；骑单车

(9)by bus乘公车

(10)by myself独自地；独立地

(11)by the way顺便一提

(12)close by靠近；附近

(13)go by遵循；遵守；流逝；过去

(14)little by little缓慢地；逐渐地；一点一点地

(15)sit by袖手旁观；无动于衷

(16)fall by the wayside半途而废

(17)be impressed by对...有深刻印象；对...有感触

(18)be troubled by被...困扰

(19)bit by bit一点一点地；渐渐地

(20)by air透气；风干；气曝；充气；空运；乘飞机；用无线电

(21)by the end of到…为止

(22)live by靠…生存；靠…生活

(23)step by step一步一步；逐步地

(24)by boat乘船

(25)by hand由人工；用人力

(26)by herself由她自己；靠她自己；由她本人

(27)by itself自行；由本身；由它本身

(28)by law法律强制(做)；受法律限制

(29)by mistake错误地；无意中

(30)by one's side在某人身边

(31)by plane乘飞机；通过飞机；用飞机

(32)by ship乘船

(33)by the river由河流；在河边；由河道

(34)by train坐火车；乘坐火车

(35)fly by飞过；飞跃；飞逝

(36)one by one逐个地；逐一地

(37)pass by经过；路过；（时间等的）逝去

(38)side by side肩并肩地；一起；相互支持地；合作地

(39)stand by支持

(40)stop by顺便短暂拜访

(41)word by word逐字逐句地

用法讲解

by+交通工具可以表示“乘...”，中间不能加冠词，如：by train; by bus; by bike等。注意：表示“步行”不能用by foot，要用on foot。

by用于被动结构时，既可以引出施动者，也可用来表示方式方法。 示例：(1) I was bitten by the the dog. 我被那只狗咬了。 (2) May I pay by cheque? 我能用支票付款吗？

考纲分布

近8年出现239次

重要程度: 5星

35.98%; prep (表示方式)

35.56%; prep 被

5.86%; prep 靠近; 在…旁

5.86%; phr (by now)此刻已经

4.18%; phr (by the way)顺便说一下

4.18%; prep 在…之前; 不迟于

2.09%; phr (by design)有意的

2.09%; adv (close by)在附近

2.09%; phr (by far)目前为止

2.09%; adv (by this time)到现在

0%; prep/adv 经过

0%; prep 依; 按照; 用

0%; prep 乘; 用

0%; prep 经由

考纲释义

( 1)prep. (表示方式)

真题例句：

In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.

例如，在前古典时期的希腊，人们通过向前或向后移动日期来“修正”官方日历，以反映季节的变化。[2021年 北京卷 阅读理解]

Recently, I took a trip home by train.

最近，我乘火车回家旅行。[2021年 北京卷 完形填空]

If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.

如果你想有时间和家人一起吃早餐，那就在前一天晚上准备好衣服、鞋子和包包。[2017年 全国卷3 阅读理解]

( 2)prep. 被

真题例句：

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.

你的申请将被联合国教科文组织的管理人员访问，并将在我们的数据库中保存六个月。[2021年 北京卷 阅读理解]

Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes.

艺术对人类生活至关重要，世界各国出于各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。[2021年 天津卷 阅读理解]

The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off .

环境挑战是巨大的，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎得到了回报。[2019年 全国卷1 完形填空]

( 3)prep. 靠近; 在…旁

真题例句：

One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

我上小学的时候，有一天下午，我在学校操场边散步。[2019年 全国卷1 改错]

We could probably just walk by the lake, and I'll ask Mike to join us.

我们也许可以在湖边散步，我会叫迈克一起去。[2018年 全国卷3 听力]

( 4)phr. (by now)此刻已经

真题例句：

What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?

到目前为止，已找到工作的学生求职者的百分比是多少？[2016年 全国卷1 听力]

The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now.

研究还显示，在毕业前找工作的人中，只有20%的人现在找到了工作。[2016年 全国卷3 听力]

( 5)phr. (by the way)顺便说一下

真题例句：

By the way, do you also need me to drive you home tomorrow afternoon?

顺便问一下，你明天下午还需要我开车送你回家吗？[2021年 新高考Ⅰ卷 听力]

By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?

顺便问一下，你明天晚上去听音乐会吗？[2018年 全国卷1 听力]

( 6)prep. 在…之前; 不迟于

真题例句：

I'll need to hear back from you by Wednesday.

我需要在星期三之前得到你的答复。[2019年 全国卷2 听力]

By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

到去年，黄石公园的狼数量已经增长到170多只。[2017年 全国卷3 阅读理解]

( 7)phr. (by design)有意的

真题例句：

That is by design.

这是有意的。[2020年 浙江卷 阅读理解]

( 8)adv. (close by)在附近

真题例句：

That's very kind of you, but they've already left for their grandma's.You know, Suzy lives close by.

你真好，但他们已经去奶奶家了。你知道，Suzy就住在附近。[2021年 新高考II卷 听力]

( 9)phr. (by far)目前为止

真题例句：

And Britain is by far the largest importer of tea in the world.

到目前为止，英国是世界上最大的茶叶进口国。[2015年 全国卷1 听力]

( 10)adv. (by this time)到现在

真题例句：

This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago.

相比之下，两年前的这个时候，有一半的学生已经找到了工作。[2016年 全国卷1 听力]

( 11)prep/adv. 经过

( 12)prep. 依; 按照; 用

( 13)prep. 乘; 用

( 14)prep. 经由

必考短语

(1)by accident偶然; 意外地

(2)by all means一定; 无论如何

(3)by no means根本不; 一点也不

(4)drop by顺路拜访

(5)increase by增长(by后表示数量增加或减少的幅度)

(6)by bike骑自行车; 骑车; 骑单车

(7)by bus乘公共汽车

(8)by myself独自地; 独立地

(9)by the way顺便说说; 顺便提起; 在路上; 在途中

(10)close by靠近; 附近

(11)little by little一点点地; 逐渐地

(12)sit by坐视不管; 无动于衷

(13)be fascinated by被...迷恋

(14)by design有计划地; 有意地

(15)by extension自然地; 当然地

(16)by the time到…的时候为止

(17)by this time到这个时候

(18)by and by不久; 很快

(19)by far大大地; …得多; 显然; 迄今为止

(20)by letter以书信形式

(21)by nature天性; 生来; 生就

(22)by now如今; 到现在; 截止到目前

(23)by sea乘船

(24)inch by inch一点点地; 慢慢地

(25)little by逐渐地

用法讲解

by意思是just at the side of （就在…旁边），因此 sth. that is by you 要比 sth. that is near you表示的距离离你更近。

by和with都可用来表示某人如何做某事，by用于动作；with用于一件工具、东西等： He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly. 他话说得很巧妙因而得到了他想要的东西。 He got what he wanted with much money. 他用很多钱得到了自己想要的。

考纲分布

近11年出现316次

重要程度: 5星

76.9%; prep 由; 被

11.39%; prep 凭借; 用; 通过

5.7%; prep [表增减幅度]相差...

1.9%; prep 出于; 由于

1.9%; prep 乘除

1.9%; phr (by no means)绝不

0.32%; prep 到…之前; 不迟于

考纲释义

( 1)prep. 由; 被

真题例句：

Huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.

巨额利润则由少数经营市场的大公司获得。[2020年 英语一 阅读理解A]

Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.

公民仍然有权要求私人文件保持私密性，并受到宪法禁止不合理搜查的法令的保护。[2015年 英语一 阅读理解A]

I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable.

我也不喜欢配额；它们与我对精英管理、能者居之的治理的理念背道而驰。[2013年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 2)prep. 凭借; 用; 通过

真题例句：

DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well.

DeepMind必须首先承认双方的出发点都是好的。[2018年 英语一 阅读理解A]

This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed , leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

这就是为什么改革立法的多次尝试都以失败告终，使得邮政服务除非推迟重要的现代化否则无法支付账单。[2018年 英语一 阅读理解A]

You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers.

你可以通过只看实体书或单一用途的电子阅读器来减少分心。[2016年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 3)prep. [表增减幅度]相差...

真题例句：

The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012.

在2012年之前，每周参加体育运动的成年人数量确实增加了近200万。[2017年 英语二 阅读理解A]

Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

不需要额外培训的学生可以将他们的债务减少三分之一。[2014年 英语一 阅读理解A]

The number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

自2000年以来，全球的社会科学学生人数每年增长约11%。[2013年 英语一 阅读理解B]

( 4)prep. 出于; 由于

( 5)prep. 乘除

真题例句：

BMI equals body mass divided by the square of height.

身体质量指数等于体重除以身高的平方。[2014年 英语二 完型填空]

( 6)phr. (by no means)绝不

真题例句：

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely — though by no means uniformly — glowingly positive.

直到几十年前，我们对未来的愿景在很大程度上是乐观的，但绝不是一致的。[2013年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 7)prep. 到…之前; 不迟于

真题例句：

It's especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi's pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling.

它特别容易受到光的损害，到了20世纪90年代中期，吉拉蒂的南瓜、玫瑰和其他图案都开始开裂和破碎。[2022年 英语一 阅读理解A]

必考短语

(1)by accident偶然；意外地

(2)by all means一定；无论如何

(3)by no means根本不；一点也不

(4)by design有计划地；有意地

用法讲解

by置于不带the的名词前，表示原因“由于……” 权威例句：They met by chance.他们不期而遇。

表示凭借、乘坐某种交通工具时，用by+交通工具，交通工具前不加冠词，在句中作方式状语

表达"通过做某事”要用by doing sth.来表示方式、方法、手段等，在句中做方式状语。而对by引导的介词短语作方式状语， 提问时用how。

by和take、hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分 权威例句：She took Gill by the hand.她拉起吉尔的手。

by放在反身代词前，译为“独自;独立（完成某事）” 例：I'm going to London by myself next week.我准备下星期一个人去伦敦。

(1)We've been crippled by Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, by welfare, by entitlements.

我们被社保，医保，医疗补助，社会福利所牵绊。《House of Cards Season 3》《纸牌屋 第三季》

(2)The future world, we believe we'll be connected not by oil, not by other things, but by datas(data).

未来的世界，我们将不再由石油驱动，而是由数据驱动。《Jack Ma Speech in Hannover》《马云德国汉诺威展演讲》

(3)For four years I got abused by the public, by the media.

整整四年，我遭到公众和媒体的谩骂，某种意义上 。《David Beckham: Into the Unknown》《大卫·贝克汉姆：探索未知之境》

(4)Words to live by, Eggsy. Words to live by. Try a pair.

一生铭记，艾格西，这话要一生铭记着。试试这双。《Kingsman: The Secret Service》《王牌特工：特工学院》

(5)And the machine is not going to be supported by oil, by electricity, the machine is going to be supported by datas(data).

机器不会再由石油和电力驱动，机器由数据来支撑。《Jack Ma Speech in Hannover》《马云德国汉诺威展演讲》

(6)We will work together, side by side, fighting back. State by state, city by city, neighborhood by neighborhood. Because, make no mistake. we are engaged in the battle of our time.

我们要勠力合作，肩并肩，共进退。在每个州，每座城市，每个街区展开反击。因为各位不要掉以轻心。我们在打一场影响整个时代的战争。《House of Cards Season 5》《纸牌屋 第五季》

(7)By the way, I'm totally legit. I just got picked up by Red Bull.

我是被认可的，红牛已经决定要赞助我。《Transformers: Age of Extinction》《变形金刚4：绝迹重生》

(8)You mean all that remains by a shred of silk down by the Han River.

你是指汉水边上的那一堆堆尸体吗？《Marco Polo Season 1》《马可波罗 第一季》

(9)And by potatoes, I mean, we peel them. And by we, I mean you.

说到土豆，我是说，我们要削皮，说到我们，其实是指你们。《Girl Meets World Season 1》《女孩成长记 第一季》

(10)By making constipated moose sounds?

通过像便秘的驼鹿一样叫唤？《The Big Bang Theory Season 2》《生活大爆炸 第二季》

(11)Screens are everywhere. We are controlled by screens. And screens are controlled by me, Screenslaver.

到处都是屏幕。我们被屏幕控制了。而屏幕现在被我控制了，屏霸。《Incredibles 2》《超人总动员2》

(12)You know? Just by looking at her? No, I know just by looking at you.

你知道啊？看着她就知道了吗？不，看着你就知道了。《Mistresses Season 2》《情妇 第二季》

(13)It was miniaturized by Brainiac before Krypton exploded, and then rescued by superman. Oh. nice.

它被天才在克里顿爆炸前缩小了然后被超人拯救了。不错。《The Big Bang Theory Season 1》《生活大爆炸 第一季》

(14)How? Well, it's not by what we say. It's by what we do.

如何证明？不能靠说的，得靠做的。《Desperate Housewives Season 8》《绝望主妇 第八季》

(15)But this factory wasn't built by Ford, Chrysler, or General Motors. It was built by Volkswagen.

但这工厂并不是福特建的，也不是克莱斯勒和通用，而是大众。《America Revealed》《透视美国》

(16)Stop it! Now this is $1.00, Farkle. Somebody came by it by doing hard work.

别搞了！这是一块钱，法尔科，辛辛苦苦赚来的血汗钱。《Girl Meets World Season 1》《女孩成长记 第一季》

(17)Yeah, time's gonna fly by.

好吧，这六小时一定过得"飞快"。《The Big Bang Theory Season 8》《生活大爆炸 第八季》

(18)As thousands descend on the island by air, road, and water, even more arrive by rail.

每天都有无数飞机，汽车和轮船抵达，而火车则更多。《America Revealed》《透视美国》

(19)How far will he take his power? Does he act by our will or by his own?

他会将能力使用到什么程度？他是遵从我们的意志，还是他自己的？《Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice》《蝙蝠侠大战超人：正义黎明》

(20)By your will, Sire. And by the House of Ogedei, I will lead your tumens. Praises, cousin.

谨遵皇命，陛下，在窝阔台军团旁边，我将带领你的万夫团。赞美你，堂弟。《Marco Polo Season 1》《马可波罗 第一季》